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Meaning / Definition of

Federal Funds

Categories: Banking,

When banks have more cash than they're required to in their reserve accounts, they can deposit the money in a federal reserve bank or lend it to another bank overnight. That money is called federal funds, and the interest rate at which the banks lend to each other is called the federal funds rate. The term also describes money the federal reserve uses to buy government securities when it wants to take money out of circulation. It might do this to tighten the money supply in the hope of forestalling an increase in inflation.

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Definition / Meaning of

McDonough Ratio

Categories: Credit and Debt, Banking,

An estimated minimum capital that banks must have in order to mitigate the risks on their assets, such as financial instruments and loans granted, which generally should be greater than 8%. It is used to determine how much capital is required to be maintained by the bank in case of unexpected losses. This ratio is an improvement over the previous version of the cooke ratio, which did not include weights associated to its loans and financial instruments. This flaw has been eliminated in the new version. The ratio can be calculated as follows:(regulatory capital) / (credit risk market risk operational risk) >= 8%Where: regulatory capital = capital and retained earnings of individual company. credit risk = risk that the borrower may default. It can be calculated by weighting the total amount of the loan by the quality of the borrower. market risk = risk undertaken due to changes in market conditions, applicable to interest-rate products, equities, currencies and commodities. operational risk = risk evolving out of internal company management, such as failed processes, people and systems.

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